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[laundry information] contaminants type of laundry and contamination path
Author
화인Tnc
Date
2019-01-18 16:01
Views
435
What is contamination?
It may seem easy to remove the stains adhered to the fibers, but there are various mechanisms behind. It is not easy to reveal the identity of the chemical changes involved in the complex phenomena, and there are many types of pollution that can not be removed by washing.
The pollution is attached to the clothes, which deteriorates the beauty and sanitary. In order to understand the process of washing, it is necessary to examine pollution pathways and physicochemical characteristics of pollution.
Contamination path
Contamination from the inside
The secretions, excrements, and metabolic elimination mainly from the body are deteriorated as time passes, and when the pollution is left for a long time, microorganisms such as fungi are proliferated.
Sebum is secreted from the sebaceous glands of the skin to form a thin coating on the surface of the skin to prevent drying of the skin and to prevent swelling from penetration of water. The main ingredients are free fatty acid (30%), triglyceride (23%, neutral fat), squalene (11%) and wax (21%), and a male adult typically secretes about 14ml of sebum a day. About 40% of the fatty acids constituting the sebum are unsaturated fatty acids, which are susceptible to oxidizing deterioration over time. Squalene is an isomer of unsaturated hydrocarbons having 6 double bonds with hexamer of isoprene, which changes into a brown sticky substance. Wax and neutral fat are relatively stable to air and are less likely to deteriorate, but non-polar materials are not easy to wash. Therefore, clothes that are repeatedly washed and worn have few polar substances such as fatty acids that can be easily removed, and wax, neutral fat, oxidation products and the like, which are difficult to remove, are left much darker.
In addition, there are sweat and skin dropouts. Sweat is secreted to regulate body temperature and it is secreted up to 700ml per hour in many cases depending on temperature and temperature. Most of the water is 98% moisture. Half of the remaining solids are easily removed after the contamination with inorganic and organic materials, but they gradually deteriorate after a while.
Contamination from the outside
Contamination from the inside is caused by the physiological function of the human body. There is not much individual difference, but pollution from the outside differs according to age, occupation, living environment.
A typical example of external contamination is dust, mainly soil and soot containing about 6-8% oil content. The dust particles that contaminate clothes are distributed in a size of less than 4 μm at 50% or more.
In addition, pollution from the outside is very diverse, such as food, cosmetics, lubricants, resins, medicines, and other chemicals, depending on the living environment. It is reasonable to classify them by their chemical properties and to examine the washability.
Types of contaminants
Water-soluble contamination (hydrophilic contamination) / sugar (sugar, glucose, maltose) / salt (water, blood, eggs, milk ...) / others (starch, water soluble dyestuffs, medicines, etc.) / Tannin acid (fruit, vegetables, ..)
The water-soluble contaminants listed above are well soluble in water and can easily be removed with water immediately after contamination. However, they are easily deteriorated by the passage of time, heat treatment and chemical action. Moreover, ingrained or oxidized water-soluble contamination is uneasy to remove.
The characteristics of sugar, salt, and acid are not visible to the naked eye at first, but as the contamination is oxidized for a long time due to heat treatment, it is deteriorated and becomes stuck with a stain or causes a change in dyeing, thereby damaging the laundry.
Oil-soluble pollution (lipophilic pollution)
Vegetable oil, mineral oil, wax, fatty acid, varnish, adhesive, paint, resin ... etc.
It can be removed by dry cleaning using an organic solvent. It can be removed by water-cleaning because it is dispersed in water with the help of detergent partially.
However, reactive squalene, paint, etc., are polymerized or oxidized and deteriorated over time, which makes it difficult to remove. Particularly, when the hydrophobic synthetic fibers are spread over time, they disperse into the fibers and become very difficult to remove.
Insoluble solid contamination
Insoluble solid contaminants are closely related to particle size and cleaning performance, such as minerals such as vomits, soot, protein decay, skin lint, polymeric compounds including fiber lint, and metallic materials such as rust, which are insoluble in water or organic solvents. If the particle size is large, it is relatively easy to wash, and even if the particle size is small, it can be removed by the dispersion of the detergent.
It may seem easy to remove the stains adhered to the fibers, but there are various mechanisms behind. It is not easy to reveal the identity of the chemical changes involved in the complex phenomena, and there are many types of pollution that can not be removed by washing.
The pollution is attached to the clothes, which deteriorates the beauty and sanitary. In order to understand the process of washing, it is necessary to examine pollution pathways and physicochemical characteristics of pollution.
Contamination path
Contamination from the inside
The secretions, excrements, and metabolic elimination mainly from the body are deteriorated as time passes, and when the pollution is left for a long time, microorganisms such as fungi are proliferated.
Sebum is secreted from the sebaceous glands of the skin to form a thin coating on the surface of the skin to prevent drying of the skin and to prevent swelling from penetration of water. The main ingredients are free fatty acid (30%), triglyceride (23%, neutral fat), squalene (11%) and wax (21%), and a male adult typically secretes about 14ml of sebum a day. About 40% of the fatty acids constituting the sebum are unsaturated fatty acids, which are susceptible to oxidizing deterioration over time. Squalene is an isomer of unsaturated hydrocarbons having 6 double bonds with hexamer of isoprene, which changes into a brown sticky substance. Wax and neutral fat are relatively stable to air and are less likely to deteriorate, but non-polar materials are not easy to wash. Therefore, clothes that are repeatedly washed and worn have few polar substances such as fatty acids that can be easily removed, and wax, neutral fat, oxidation products and the like, which are difficult to remove, are left much darker.
In addition, there are sweat and skin dropouts. Sweat is secreted to regulate body temperature and it is secreted up to 700ml per hour in many cases depending on temperature and temperature. Most of the water is 98% moisture. Half of the remaining solids are easily removed after the contamination with inorganic and organic materials, but they gradually deteriorate after a while.
Contamination from the outside
Contamination from the inside is caused by the physiological function of the human body. There is not much individual difference, but pollution from the outside differs according to age, occupation, living environment.
A typical example of external contamination is dust, mainly soil and soot containing about 6-8% oil content. The dust particles that contaminate clothes are distributed in a size of less than 4 μm at 50% or more.
In addition, pollution from the outside is very diverse, such as food, cosmetics, lubricants, resins, medicines, and other chemicals, depending on the living environment. It is reasonable to classify them by their chemical properties and to examine the washability.
Types of contaminants
Water-soluble contamination (hydrophilic contamination) / sugar (sugar, glucose, maltose) / salt (water, blood, eggs, milk ...) / others (starch, water soluble dyestuffs, medicines, etc.) / Tannin acid (fruit, vegetables, ..)
The water-soluble contaminants listed above are well soluble in water and can easily be removed with water immediately after contamination. However, they are easily deteriorated by the passage of time, heat treatment and chemical action. Moreover, ingrained or oxidized water-soluble contamination is uneasy to remove.
The characteristics of sugar, salt, and acid are not visible to the naked eye at first, but as the contamination is oxidized for a long time due to heat treatment, it is deteriorated and becomes stuck with a stain or causes a change in dyeing, thereby damaging the laundry.
Oil-soluble pollution (lipophilic pollution)
Vegetable oil, mineral oil, wax, fatty acid, varnish, adhesive, paint, resin ... etc.
It can be removed by dry cleaning using an organic solvent. It can be removed by water-cleaning because it is dispersed in water with the help of detergent partially.
However, reactive squalene, paint, etc., are polymerized or oxidized and deteriorated over time, which makes it difficult to remove. Particularly, when the hydrophobic synthetic fibers are spread over time, they disperse into the fibers and become very difficult to remove.
Insoluble solid contamination
Insoluble solid contaminants are closely related to particle size and cleaning performance, such as minerals such as vomits, soot, protein decay, skin lint, polymeric compounds including fiber lint, and metallic materials such as rust, which are insoluble in water or organic solvents. If the particle size is large, it is relatively easy to wash, and even if the particle size is small, it can be removed by the dispersion of the detergent.
